Chapter 9 verse 15
“Others, engaging in the yajña of cultivating knowledge, worship Me by many methods. Some see Me as undifferentiated oneness that is non-different from them, while others see Me as separate from them. Still others worship Me in the infinite manifestations of My cosmic form.”
This important and path breaking verse (path creating verse in fact!) in my humble opinion illustrates the 3 forms of Vedanta philosophy. Adi Shankara, Ramanujacharya an Madhvacharya brought this out beautifully 4000 years later- Advaita, Dwaita and vishishtadwaita respectively.
Advaita- Supreme and I are not different. Jnana Yoga which Lord illustrates in Bhagavat Gita takes this path
Dwaita- Supreme’s material energy created us and we are separate from Him and need to surrender and merge into His spiritual energy. Path of Bhakti Yoga
Vishistadwaita- Supreme being created and manages the Universe and this Universe or multiverses are just projection of the entire cosmic form. We are part of HIM.
Karma yoga and astanga/raja yoga can be practiced with a feeling in either of the 3 paths of Vedanta in my view. However Jnana yoga can only be understood and achieved through advaita. Bhakti yoga is highest illustration of Dwaita philosophy. Sanatana dharma is so all encompassing with so many aspects and layers accommodated in its fold.
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